1205 Ve
ee

Boston Public Library

Do not write in this book or mark jt with pen or
pencil. Penalties for so doing are imposed by the
Revised Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

This book was issued to the borrower on the date
last stamped below.

FORM NO. 609: 2,1,50; 200M.

AN

ADDRESS OF WELCOME.

FROM THE

Beton aAkIANS OF PHILADELPHIA,

TO THE

CONGRESS OF LIBRARIANS OF THE UNITED STATES,

ASSEMBLED OCTOBER 4, 1876,

IN THE HALL OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA,

BY

me N WILDLTAM WALLACH,

PRESIDENT OF THE SAID SOCIETY.

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Seiwa MAN & CO, PRINTERS,
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PUBLIC
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LIBRARIANS OF THE UNITED STATES:

In behalf of the librarians of this city—seated in the cir-
cular recess behind me—I welcome you cordially to Phila-
delphia, and in behalf of the members of the Historical
Society of our State, and for myself as well, I welcome you
most cordially to this our Hall. Philadelphia in the course
of her history has been the seat of many conventions. Until
this year, however—this great year, both of our city and our
nation—she has never had the happiness, so far as I recol-
lect, to see within her limits a convention of librarians. The
centennial year cannot, I think, but lend some distinction to
IT; and 17, perhaps, will not be the least worthy of the dis-
tinctions of the centennial year.

But I regard this great anniversary of the nation less
as the cause of this new sort of congress than as the occa-
sion of which it avails itself to assemble. It has been some-
what obvious, I think, for several years past and is now
entirely plain that with the much-inereased and still much-
increasing issue of books from the printing press—several
matters up to this time little thought of by librarians—in-
deed not requiring to be much thought of by them—now
demand consideration and, so far as practicable, a provision
for the time not far distant when they are likely to come
upon us.

The increase of books to which I refer, is to be attributed
in some part, I suppose, to the facility with which of late
times, in consequence of the application of chemical agencies
instead as formerly of mechanical ones alone, to the paper-
makers’ art, paper itself is made; in greater part still, to the
power which steam has given to the printing press, and in
greatest part of all to the establishment of common schools
and colleges everywhere throughout this country, by which
both the capacity to write and the disposition and the ability
to read are vastly increased. And as I see nothing which is

4

likely to arrest this progress of things, alike scientific and
social, I see nothing which in coming years is to stand be-
tween the librarian and an issue upon him of books upon
books, so vast and so uninterrupted that unless he brings
the benefit of something like screncz to his aid he will be
overwhelmed and buried in their very mass.

This vision of the future suggests a variety of thoughts.

In the first place, a problem arises—one which concerns
more especially our opulent libraries, or such a library as
that of Congress, where every book that secures a copy-
right is preserved—a problem as to what form of building
is best suited for the library edifice. It is plain, if our
larger libraries are to continue as most of them now are,
libraries of a general sort—pantological collections, as we
may call them—that before another century is over, immense
edifices will be required, through the mere force of accumu-
lation, to hold the volumes of which the libraries are com-
posed. What form of such large edifice will best unite ex-
ternal effect with capacity of extension—indefinite extension
it must be, in some direction—with safety, with convenience,
and with beauty of interior? And how far, if all these —
things cannot coexist, must that characteristic which de-
lights the eye give way to that which saves the feet and
assists the hand; in other words, with that which promotes
a capacity for getting volumes promptly from their places—
often in the huge edifices which the mental eye already sees
before it, far distant from the seat of the librarian—and,
after they have been used, of getting the volumes promptly
again to their places.

Next. In the much-increased and ever increasing num-
ber of books coming into our libraries—those which have
already entered being, we must remember, always to be
preserved—how are all best to be disposed of locally; dis-
posed of, I mean, upon the shelves of those vast buildings
which the coming years present to our view? Are they to
be disposed of by subjects, by size, by alphabetical arrange-
ment; by order of publication to the world; by order of

5

advent to the library, or by something different from each
of these? If arrangement be by subjects, or alphabetically,
then in the progress and prospects of every sort of science
and of every sort of human thing, and of treatises upon them
all that are sure to follow, what extent of open space is to be
left in each subject for probable additions of future works
upon it? And in what way are these voids to be disguised
so as best to obviate the appearance of a library ever incom-
plete? Ifa library has books divided according to subjects,
and if all the space allotted to each subject is occupied by
the books of the day when the library is formed, rearrange-
ment, on the shelves, of the classes—nay, frequent rearrange-
ment of the books in the classes—becomes requisite to ac-
commodate in the best way future treatises in the same
class. And the like thing is true of one arranged alpha
betically. Rearrangement of a small library is a small matter,
one which is easily accomplished and which, for the sake of
giving better order and system to the whole, it is always
worth while to effect. But rearrangement. of a large library is
a different thing indeed. Rearrangement implies renumber-
ing. Renumbering implies recataloguing. Recataloguing
implies reprinting. . And when the library counts its books
by hundreds of thousands—and even by millions, as in the
coming times our large libraries seem likely to do—when
the books cover acres of shelves and weigh hundreds and
thousands of tons, the rearrangement will become nigh to
an impossibility. It would consume the lives of the learned
and exhaust the fortunes of the beneficent. Vastly impor-
tant it therefore is to any library which sets out with the
prospect or even with the possibility of being a large one, that
a comprehensive, and a rightly comprehensive, scheme for
the disposition of it externally be had in the very origin
of things. But who is now to say—to say in advance of
actual experience, and in advance of the reduction of that
experience to a scientific and admitted truth—what is a
rightly comprehensive scheme for libraries such as the cen-

tury on which we are entering may witness ?
; *

Finally—when the library edifice stands in broad extent
erect, and its million books are arranged in order on its
shelves—after this comes a problem greater than all. How,
most easily—how, most economically—how to be most useful,
and how to prevent the necessity of frequently rearranging,
of frequently reprinting that which in its largest part has
once or oftener, with great pains, been arranged, and once
or oftener, with great cost, been printed—how best to secure
all these ends, are these immense collections which stand
up in more than imagination before us—to be classified and
arranged in the printed catalogue? Supplements, of course,
are easily to be made; but when we shall have looked pain-
fully through some dozen volumes of catalogue, how are we
to follow up the search still more painfully through some
scores of pamphlet supplements? We shall abandon our
search in despair.

To a certain extent all the questions of which I speak have
been for some years serious questions, and for some years
have occupied the minds of thoughtful librarians everywhere
throughout our country. But even of the latest years they
have been questions of no difficulty compared with that difli-
culty which the future is beginning to reveal to our view. -

I have said, gentlemen, that there are several problems
for us to resolve. But after these problems have been re-
solved in the abstract, resolved, I mean, in a general way,
we have many matters also acting as forces of “ perturba-
tion,’ the exact value of which we must calculate and allow
for. ‘The conclusions as to local arrangement, or as to the
form of catalogues which would be true ones for a library
of consultation, for a library which is the resort of men
of trained and disciplined minds—might prove false in
a library destined for circulation chiefly; that is to say, for
popular use; and the rule which would rightly prevail in a
library seeking a universal character might not be found
so good for collections that are content with more limited
outlines. A hundred qualifications suggest themselves in

every part of our subject to any conclusions which we might
form on any general head.

In the midst of these questions, some of which seem nearly
insoluble—and terrified as we are by the prospect of library
edifices to which Versailles, the Escurial, or the Vatican
shall be of humble size—comes a new question altogether;
a question radical and revolutionary. Will it be practicable
to continue through another century the formation of libra-
ries, which shall contain all books upon every subject? Will
not such libraries if continued and formed tumble to pieces
by their own weight, and when the subjects into which their
infinite volumes are divided have all grown sufliciently large,
break up and resolve themselves into their primordial ele-
ments? Our general libraries have already unloaded them-
selves of law, unloaded themselves of medicine, and un-
loaded themselves to a large degree of all books of mere
physical science. Why shall they not throw off divinity and
metaphysics, and a hundred other things; leaving each to
establish itself as law has done, as medicine has done, as
physical science in part has done, on its own special basis,
and leaving itself, too, disintegrated into unity of subject.
This would give us a hundred small libraries in the place
of one immense one; and doubtless in some respects a small
library devoted to a single subject has advantages over a
large one, which is rarely perfectly complete in any.

Supposing pamphlets to come forth for another century
as pamphlets are now coming forth, and for that other cen-
tury to be preserved, the collection would fill a room larger
than the Bodleian. No general library will or can ever pre-
serve the half of them. Yet while in many cases most use-
less, in many cases they are most useful, and where not
useful often most curious. A library of pamphlets—a
library which should embrace everything that bears a
pamphlet’s title, and which should exclude everything
which does not—would be a library often and to many of
great utility.

Nay, why shall we not go further?

If railway companies, and coal companies, and hospitals,
and colleges, and penitentiaries, and benevolent institutions
of every sort—to say nothing of historical societies and
library companies—keep publishing their annual reports for
another century as they publish them now, may it not re-
quire the most active labor of the best librarian in America
to collect, to preserve, to bind, to arrange, and catalogue
them all? Yet few books are more instructive as to special
matters; few more often wanted by a large class of readers.

But here the benignant Genius which ever presides over
the labors of the learned interposes. ‘ Your thoughts are at
variance with the ideas of the learned in every age and every
clime. ‘They are rebellious and irreverent. They savor of
State rights. They look unkindly at the Union. All the
sorts of knowledge dwell lovingly in one abode. All the.
forms of truth live ever in unity and love. Diplomacy and
statesmanship here are met together. Science and revela-
tion here have kissed each other. Build your edifices as
large as you will. Let story rise above story, and wings
spread for infinite distance, the capacities of your main edi-
fice. The very volumes which you fear will kindly show
you how to use the largest of them all as easily as in earlier
days you have used those which were among the smallest.
Is not the ‘elevator’ to be seen in every large factory and
in every large hotel? Does not the elastic tube afford means
of transmitting messages through the largest buildings of
our cities? Why may not the electric telegraph, itself the
child of science, minister to her honored parent; and why
may not the librarian, seated at his desk in the centre or on
the circumference of his library-room, send his orders to the
remotest part of the immensest building, to be obeyed, per-
haps, through the pneumatic tube, returning with a velocity
only less than that of the telegraph itself, the volume which
he asks for? Are ropes and pulleys, which the world has
used these thousand years, and which are used in every large

factory to carry parcels from floor to floor and from one ex-
tremity of the edifice to another, to be forgotten in the
places where their history and uses are recorded in a hun-
dred tomes, and at a time when they should be called on
for their noblest work?

‘“¢ Why, indeed, if locomotion in horizontal space is largely.
needed—why may not the railway itsel{—traversed perhaps
by cars whose form shall be the library’s cushioned chair—
drawn by some graceful ‘dummy’ whose silence shall not
disturb even ‘the still air of delightful studies ’—why shall
not the railway itself, laid in bars of steel so polished that
friction and noise no less than space are annihilated—-why
shall not even IT come in and complete the ministration
which the mechanic arts, if rightly invoked, will ever be
proud to give to the labors of the learned and the good?
Books of municipal law; books of medicine and surgery;
books of mere science; books for professional use alone,
these you can segregate from others of more general inter-
est; but beyond this you cannot go. The student is re-
ferred by one book to a hundred others, all unlike it, and
perhaps unlike each other. Will you send him to a hundred
libraries? A hundred persons would know that such and
such a building contained a library, but not one in the num-
ber might know until he had entered it and found that it
was not the sort of library which he wanted, what sort of a
library it really was. To say nothing of the fact that these
special libraries might each consider that certain books be-
longed not to i but to a sister ‘special,’ so that a book
which might not unreasonably be looked for in any one
would be found in none; ending thus in the result that with
libraries everywhere, books were nowhere.”

But, gentlemen, I will detain you no longer. With little
practical experience in this matter, and with no reflection
upon it at all, I see before me in the future many questions
in regard to the subjects upon which I have spoken; and yet
upon another subject which I have not touched, the conduct

10

and management of these vast libraries themselves when
everything else has been adjusted. You, with your great ex-
perience and deep reflectiveness, [ doubt not must have seen
and now behold a hundred more. Before another century
rolls by they will be practical questions.

I know of no way in which these questions can be settled,
but the way in which questions of science are always settled;
that 1s to say, by careful observation and collation of facts,
and, when facts sufficiently numerous are observed and col-
lated, by the application of intelligent judgment, and the
formation, through induction, of a sound result. The field
isalarge one. It is completely and purely a field of science.
The same careful observation of phenomena which is neces-
sary in astronomy, in chemistry, in medicine; the same right
judgment to perceive what they teach, which gives to the
world a Herschel, a Davy, or a Physick—these same are the
qualities which are needed for any valuable conclusions
about the work of which I speak. The time has arrived
then for a new science — BIBLIOTHECAL SCIENCE, a wide
science, a difficult science, a science of value.

Gentlemen, a good librarian has ever been a valuable min-
ister to letters. He has always stood between the world of
authors and the world of readers, introducing the habitants
of one sphere to the habitants of the other; interpreting
often obscurities where the fault is with authors, impart-
ing often intelligence where the fault is with readers. This,
his ancient title, he still possesses. But in this day and for
the future he is called to new oflices and to higher distinc-
tions. His profession belongs to the sciences. He re-
quires some fine faculties of mind. He takes his rank with
philosophers.

To promote this science you, gentlemen, assemble to-day.
Much to be considered, so far as it relates to the future, is
new. The soundings upon the old charts have imperfect
value. New soundings and new observations must be taken
by yourselves. I hardly suppose that numerous conclusions
of value will be reached at once. But it is a great thing to

ot!

have met in corporate strength, with a united sense that
much is needed, and with united experience and reflection
and wisdom to consider by way of remedy what is wanted.
I doubt not that this Congress will be the first of a series of
Bibliothecal conventions, or congresses of librarians; that
your purposes as yet in part unshaped will here take form,
and that future years will feel the beneficial influence of what
is here accomplished.

Most cordially, therefore, and again do I welcome you to
our city and to our Hall, and pray for every blessing upon
your consultations and your work.

if

3
Sai
4

LIBRARY CONFERENCE.

THE Committee, to whom were intrusted the arrangements for the proposed
Conference of Librarians and others interested in bibliography and library econo-
my, have selected Philadelphia as the place of meeting, and Wednesday, Thursday,
and Friday, October 4-6, as the date. The government of the Historical Society
of that city have kindly offered their rooms for the purpose.

The proposed Conference receives the cordial support of many eminent libra-
rians who have been consulted, among whom may be named:

CHARLES A. CUTTER, Boston Athenzum; J. L. WHITNEY, Boston Public Library ;
FRED. B. PERKINS, Boston Public Library; JOHN LANGDON SIBLEY, Harvard Uni-
versity Library; JOHN Fiske, Harvard University Library; EzRA ABBoT, Harvard
University ; S. F. Haven, American Antiquarian Society, Worcester; REUBEN A.
GUILD, Brown University Library; J. D. HEDGE, Providence Athenzum ; ADDISON
Van Name, Yale College Library; FRANKLIN B. DEXTER, Yale College Library ;
A. S. PACKARD, Bowdoin College Library; J. CARSON Brevoort, Astor Library; F.
SAUNDERS, Astor Library ; W. S. BUTLER, New-York Society Library ;. WT. PEOPLES,
New-York Mercantile L Library ; “JACOB” SCHWARTZ, Apprentices’ - . Liviaty, 6 Néw-VYork ;
S. B. Noyes, Brooklyn Mercantile Library; H. A. Homes, New-York State Library ;
Jas. G. BARNWELL, Philadelphia Mercantile Library ; JoHN EATON, Bureau of Educa-
tion, Washington; CHaAs. EvANs, Indianapolis Public Library; THos. VICKERS, Cin-

cinnati Public Library; JNo. N. DYER, St. Louis Mercantile Library.

The Committee are providing for papers and discussions which can not fail to
be of interest to those attending the Conference, and plans for a permanent organ-
ization and other business will also be presented. A programme will be ready in

September, which will be mailed by the Secretary on applicatzon.

There is promise of a large attendance of librarians and others interested in

library work, and all will be cordially welcome.

JUSTIN WINSOR, Boston Public Library,
WM. F. POOLE, Chicago Public Library,

LLOYD P. SMITH, Philadelphia Library Co.,
COMMITTEE.
MELVIL DEWEY, Secretary,

13 TREMONT PLACE, BosTON.

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[Advance proofs from the AM. ‘te / CAN LIBRARY FOURNAL.|

THE LIBRARY CONFERENCE.

HE Conference of Librarians will assemble
at the rooms of the Pennsylvania Historical
Society on Wednesday, October 4th, 1876, at
to o'clock, and, after a permanent organization
has been effected, provision will be made for
continuing the sessions by adjournment for
the day and evening, so as to allow members
an opportunity to devote a part of each day to
the Exhibition grounds. If the attendance is
larger than the rooms will accommodate, an
adjournment will be made to the Lecture
Room of the Franklin Institute, which has
been tendered for that purpose. On Wed-
nesday afternoon a visit will also be made
by the Conference as a body to the new
Ridgway (Rush) Library building, and in
the evening the Conference will be enter-
tained socially at the Historical rooms by
the librarians of Philadelphia. During the
sessions papers will be read as introductory to
discussions on different subjects; and the
various topics of library economy, as included
in the special Report on Public Libraries is-
sued by the Commissioner of Education will
also be brought up for consideration. The fol-
lowing papers are already promised :
‘“ A Universal Catalogue: its Necessity and
Practicability.” James G. Barnwell, Mercan-
tile Library, Philadelphia. :

“The Preservation of Pamnhlets.” Charles

A. Cutter, Boston Athenzum.

“Personal Intercourse and Relations be-
tween Librarians and Readers in Popular Li-
braries.” Samuel S. Green, Worcester Free
Public Library.

“ Bibliography as a Science.” Reuben A.
Guild, Librarian Brown University.

“The Modes of Construction appropriate to
Public Libraries.” S. F. Haven, American An-
tiquarian Society.

“Some Popular Objections to Public Li-
braries.” William F. Poole, Chicago Public
Library.

“ Qualifications of a Librarian.” Lloyd P.
Smith, Philadelphia Library Company.

“ Copyright in its Relations to Libraries and
Literature.” A. R. Spofford, Librarian of Con-
gress.

“ Helps to Reading.” Justin Winsor, Super-
intendent Boston Public Library.

In addition to the topics in the Government
Report there will be discussions on the follow-
ing, among other subjects:

The Preparation of Printed Titles for the
Common Use of Libraries.

The ‘Completion of Poole’s Index to Pe-
riodical Literature.

The Systematic Exchange of Duplicates.

The Distribution of Public Documents,
home and foreign.

The Permanent Organization of American
Library Interests.

Library Co-operation.

The Preparation of a Hand-Book for Read-
ers Suitable for Distribution in the Public Li-
braries.

Ideal vs, Working Libraries in our Universi-
ties.

The Committee expect to see a large gather-
ing; and would renew the invitation to all
librarians, both at home and abroad, and to all
now or in the past in any way connected with
libraries, and to all who may be interested in
library economy or bibliographical studies.

Justin Winsor, Boston Public Library,

Ws. F. Poorer, Chicago Public Library,

Lioyp P. Smiru, Philadelphia Library Co.,

Committee.
MELVIL DEWEY, Secretary,

13 Tremont Place, Boston.

j
LiprAry Co. of PHILADELPHIA, )
Fifth Street, below Chestnut,
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 9, 1876. j

My pDEAR Sir: I am glad that Philadelphia
has been selected as the place of meeting for
the librarians of America, and I can assure you
that the gentlemen who shall honor us by their

_ presence will be heartily welcomed here. The

Ge,

directors of the Mercantile Library have passed
a resolution throwing open their rooms to the

‘members of the Convention, and I need not say

that the Philadelphia and Loganian Libraries
will extend a like hospitality.

In addition to the meetings in the morning
it is proposed,on the afternoon of Tuesday, the
4th October, to visit in a body the new library
building how in course of erection by the
executor of the late Dr. James Rush. It occu-
pies a square of ground on South Broad street,
and will cost in all some $800,000, The archi-
tect sends you a description of it.

The building is entirely fire-proof, and will
be finished and ready for occupation in about a
year from the present time. It will then, by
the direction of the testator, be formally offered
for the acceptance of the Library Company of
Philadelphia, under the title of the Ridgway
Branch of the Philadelphia Library.

On some one evening during the sitting of
the Convention, it is proposed to have a recep-
tion at the Historical Society’s rooms for so-
cial intercourse, and to enable the members to
make acquaintances among the literary gentle-
men of Philadelphia.

My friends John Jordan, Jr., Esq., of the
Historical Society, and James G, Barnwell, Esq.,
of the Mercantile Library, desire me to say
that they unite with me in giving a cordial wel-
come to the gentlemen of the Convention, and
that they will do all in their power to make the
meeting an agreeable one.

I remain, my dear Mr. Dewey,
Yours very truly,
Lioyp P. SMITH.
Mr. MELviIL DEWEY,
Sec. Library Conference Committee.

[ Zhe JOURNAL, with local and other information as to the Conference, will be mailed to about 2000 libra-
vies on Saturday night.|

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